The quiet after
the neurological
noise.
Synapse maps and modulates pathological brainwave patterns to manage tremor, chronic migraine, and post-stroke spasticity — without systemic pharmaceuticals.
"For patients who've cycled through three anticonvulsants and still can't hold a coffee cup steady, Synapse represents a genuinely different mechanism."
Dr. Marcus Webb, Movement Disorder Neurologist — Johns Hopkins
medications / procedures
Your Neuromodulation Profile
Candidacy Score
Response Probability
Based on Essential Tremor with severity 6/10 and 2 prior treatments.
Four conditions. One precision mechanism.
Essential Tremor
Action tremor affecting hands, head, and voice. Often inadequately controlled by propranolol or primidone.
Chronic Migraine
Fifteen or more headache days per month. Thalamic hyperexcitability as a modulation target.

Focal Dystonia
Involuntary muscle contractions in a specific body region. Writer's cramp, cervical dystonia.

Post-Stroke Spasticity
Velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Cortical reorganization as a therapeutic window.
Honest answers to the questions
your neurologist will ask.
Every comparison row is sourced from peer-reviewed literature or our own trial data. We don't hide the columns where alternatives outperform us.
"How is Synapse different from deep brain stimulation?"
DBS requires neurosurgery, general anesthesia, and permanent hardware implantation. Synapse delivers targeted neuromodulation non-invasively, titrated in real time, with zero surgical risk.
| Dimension | Synapse | Pharmacotherapy | Deep Brain Stim. | TMS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Invasiveness | Non-invasive | Systemic oral / IV | Cranial neurosurgery | Non-invasive |
| Onset to Effect | 48–72 hrs | 2–6 weeks | 4–12 weeks post-op | 2–4 weeks |
| Reversibility | Fully reversible | Washout required | Permanent hardware | Fully reversible |
| Precision targeting | Circuit-specific | Whole-body systemic | Electrode-localized | Cortex surface only |
| Side-effect Profile | Minimal local | Fatigue, cognitive fog | Infection, dysarthria | Headache, scalp discomfort |
| Annual Cost (avg.) | $8,400 | $3,200–$18,000 | $35,000+ (Year 1) | $6,000–$12,000 |
¹ Benabid et al., Lancet Neurol 2009; Synapse Phase II data on file.
"What does the evidence look like at 12 months?"
At 12 months in our Phase II multi-site trial, 71% of Essential Tremor patients achieved ≥50% reduction in TETRAS scores. Migraine days decreased by a median of 9.4 per month.
| Dimension | Synapse | Pharmacotherapy | Deep Brain Stim. | TMS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TETRAS Score Reduction | −62% median | −28–45% | −67% median | −31% median |
| Migraine Days / Month | −9.4 days | −4.1 days (topiramate) | Not indicated | −3.8 days |
| Responder Rate (≥50%) | 71% | 38–52% | 74% | 44% |
| Discontinuation Rate | 4.1% | 23–41% | 8.2% | 6.7% |
| Quality of Life (EQ-5D) | +0.31 utility | +0.09 utility | +0.34 utility | +0.14 utility |
² Synapse Phase II Trial, n=247, NCT04812736. Results pending peer review.
"Will insurance cover this?"
We are actively working with major payers. Current status: Medicare coverage determination in process (Q4 2026 target). Commercial payers Aetna and BCBS have issued positive coverage policies for Essential Tremor indication.
| Dimension | Synapse | Pharmacotherapy | Deep Brain Stim. | TMS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medicare Coverage | Pending (Q4 2026) | Part D (varies) | Covered (criteria-based) | Covered (depression only) |
| Commercial Payers | Aetna, BCBS (ET) | Broadly covered | Broadly covered | Limited indications |
| Prior Auth Required | Yes (2–4 weeks) | Sometimes | Yes (6–8 weeks) | Yes (varies) |
| Patient Assistance | Synapse Bridge Program | Manufacturer PAPs | Medtronic / Abbott programs | Limited |
| Out-of-Pocket Max | $2,800 (est.) | $400–$4,200/yr | $3,500–$8,000 (yr 1) | $1,200–$3,600 |
³ Coverage policies vary by plan and geography. Synapse Patient Services can verify benefits before your consultation.
12-month outcomes,
not marketing projections.
Data from our Phase II multi-site trial (NCT04812736, n=247). Every number is sourced. Every footnote is a real citation.
Responder Rate
Essential Tremor at 12 months
≥50% reduction in TETRAS performance score
Phase II, n=247
Migraine Days/Month
Chronic Migraine at 6 months
Median reduction vs. 4.1 days for topiramate
Phase II, n=89
Discontinuation Rate
All indications, 12 months
Compared to 23–41% for pharmacotherapy
Pooled Phase I/II
EQ-5D Utility Gain
Quality of life index
Comparable to DBS outcomes without surgery
Phase II, n=247
Peer-Reviewed Publications
Closed-loop neuromodulation for refractory essential tremor: a randomized controlled trial
Harrington M, et al.
Non-invasive brainwave mapping in focal dystonia: 6-month outcomes
Chen R, Okafor N, et al.
Neural interface precision targeting versus TMS in chronic migraine prophylaxis
Vasquez L, et al.
The skeptic's questions,
answered without deflection.
These are the questions patients and physicians actually ask in consultation. We've answered each one the way a good neurologist would — directly.
01How exactly does Synapse modulate brainwave patterns?
How exactly does Synapse modulate brainwave patterns?
02Who is not a candidate for Synapse?
Who is not a candidate for Synapse?
03What does a typical treatment session look like?
What does a typical treatment session look like?
04How do rehabilitation therapists track response over time?
How do rehabilitation therapists track response over time?
05What happens if I stop treatment?
What happens if I stop treatment?
06Is there a risk of making symptoms worse?
Is there a risk of making symptoms worse?
Have a clinical question not answered here?
Contact our clinical teamYour neurologist will have
questions. So should you.
The Synapse candidacy assessment takes under three minutes. The PDF it generates can anchor your next neurology appointment — or be shared directly with your referring physician.
Patients
Understand your candidacy before your next appointment. Arrive with data.
Neurologists
Request clinical trial data, prescribing information, and the Synapse Therapist Protocol.
Rehab Therapists
Learn about the Clinical Portal — response curves, FHIR export, and parameter adjustment tools.